In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour, salt, and sugar.

In a separate small bowl, dissolve the yeast in warm water and let it sit until foamy (about 5-10 minutes).

Pour the yeast mixture into the dry ingredients, add the olive oil, and mix until combined. Gently fold in the parmesan and garlic.

Cover the bowl with plastic wrap or a clean kitchen towel and let the dough rise at room temperature for 12–18 hours (overnight is best).

After the rising period, shape the dough into a round loaf. Let it rest for another 30 minutes.

Preheat your oven to 450°F (230°C). If you’re using a Dutch oven, place it inside to preheat as well.

Score the top of the loaf with a sharp knife. Carefully transfer the loaf into the hot Dutch oven, cover, and bake for 30 minutes.

Remove the lid and bake for an additional 15 minutes, or until the loaf is golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped.

Let it cool on a wire rack for at least 30 minutes before slicing.